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Search results 231 - 240 of 1770 matching essays
- 231: Absolutism And Peter The Great
- Absolutism and Peter the Great Many monarchs, particularly those of European descent, employed the flourishing absolutist philosophy during their reign in the seventeenth century. Defined as the "absolute or unlimited rule usually by one man," absolutism is virtually equivalent to the philosophy of despotism. A ruler incorporating the absolutist philosophy has complete control of his subjects and the highest authority with which to govern. With origins dating back to the Ancient Greeks, absolutism found root in some of Aristotle's theories: "Aristotle despotic government ( ...
- 232: A Social History Of Truth
- ... when an insult or mentita occurred.The Royal Society avoided insult to one another on the truths of matters and instead engaged in civil conversation.Chapter 4 Robert Bolye was the most influential of experimental philosophy.He provided much of the factual information the 17th century experimentalists operated on. Boyle was considered the founder of experimental philosophy.Robert Boyle was the youngest son of Richard Boyle, first earl of Cork. Richard Boyle was the founder of his family s honor; it is believed that his parents were yeomen. He made his money ... of a credible person was just known.Gentlemen were considered society s most reliable truth-tellers.Chapter 6 Travelers, navigators, merchant-traders, adventurers and soldiers contributed the knowledge of early modern natural history or natural philosophy.These various peoples told the Royal Society of things in the world that were beyond their own experience. As John Locke suggested, some weighing and balancing of factors was needed to verify testimony. There ...
- 233: The Life of Gottfried Leibniz
- ... capacities. In 1673, when the elector's reign ended, Leibniz went to Paris. He remained there for three years and also visited Amsterdam and London, devoting his time to the study of mathematics, science, and philosophy. In 1676 he was appointed librarian and privy councillor at the court of Hannover. For the 40 years until his death, he served Ernest Augustus, duke of Brunswick-Lόneburg, later elector of Hannover, and George Louis, elector of Hannover, later George I, king of Great Britain. Leibniz was considered a universal genius by his contemporaries. His work encompasses not only mathematics and philosophy but also theology, law, diplomacy, politics, history, philology, and physics. Mathematics Leibniz's contribution in mathematics was to discover, in 1675, the fundamental principles of infinitesimal calculus. This discovery was arrived at independently of the ... Leibniz was universally adopted (see Mathematical Symbols). In 1672 he also invented a calculating machine capable of multiplying, dividing, and extracting square roots, and he is considered a pioneer in the development of mathematical logic. Philosophy In the philosophy expounded by Leibniz, the universe is composed of countless conscious centers of spiritual force or energy, known as monads. Each monad represents an individual microcosm, mirroring the universe in varying degrees ...
- 234: Ben Franklin
- ... ten years old when he was pressed into his father's trade. At twelve Ben was apprenticed to his half brother James, a printer of The New England Courant. He generally absorbed the values and philosophy of the English Enlightenment. At the age of 16, Franklin wrote some pieces for the Courant signed "Silence Dogood," in which he parodied the Boston authorities and society (#3). At one point James Franklin was ... cleaning, and lighting the streets and for making them safe by organizing an efficient night watch. They even formed a voluntary militia (#1). Franklin had steadily extended his own knowledge by study of foreign languages, philosophy, and science. He repeated experiments of other scientists and added his own ideas that led to inventions of the Franklin stove, bifocal eyeglasses, and a glass harmonica. The phenomenon of electricity interested him deeply, in ... ten years old when he was pressed into his father's trade. At twelve Ben was apprenticed to his half brother James, a printer of The New England Courant. He generally absorbed the values and philosophy of the English Enlightenment. At the age of 16, Franklin wrote some pieces for the Courant signed "Silence Dogood," in which he parodied the Boston authorities and society (#3). At one point James Franklin ...
- 235: Utopia Vs. Dystopia
- ... the title simply by reversing the last two numbers of the year it was written. It is instead, a warning that unless the world changes its course, man will lose his most human attributes. The philosophy of 1984 is War is Peace , Freedom is Slavery and Ignorance is Strength . When Orwell s Animal Farm first appeared in 1945, it was taken entirely as a satire of the history of the Soviet ... whole is a satire upon the totalitarian state. The Republic by Plato was written sometime after 399BC. It a book with an idealistic view. Plato expresses some of his ideas on Aristocracy, Democracy and Dictatorship, philosophy and poetry, and in the conclusion, a discussion of immortality and the rewards of justice. The philosophical basis of Republic is that The unexamined life is not worth living. Plato extended this beyond the individual ... an entire government and society does not correspond with current philosophies, but his ideas continue to coerce us and arouse thought in us about the most essential questions of life. This book connect politics with philosophy and compares life with speculation. It has deep irony and humour. Plato thought that the basis of an ideal state was justice and reason, so there fore citizens of that society must be educated ...
- 236: Biography of Karl Marx
- ... a more conservative college without the mischievous ways of the other universities. While at Berlin, Marx became part of the group known as the Yong Hegelians. The group was organized in part due to the philosophy teacher Hegel that taught from 1818 to his death. The teachings of Hegel shaped the way the school thought towards most things. Those who studied Hegel and his ideals were known as the Young Hegelians ... one overarching, which, when completed, which would give a true and total picture of the universe and man." (Communist Manifesto, Marx (Francis B. Randal), page 15) Marx was an atheist, and believed that science and philosophy would prove everything. Thus he had no belief in a god of any type. Marx believed that Hegel must have been an atheist as well because of his strong belief in the mind. Marx's ... University of Jena because Bonn and Berlin required an oral part to the thesis. The quickness was also a matter in this. He passed it in early April, and got his degree in history and philosophy in April 15, 1841. After graduation he was unable to find work. This caused him to take a job with the German newspaper Rheinische Zeitung in early 1842. By the end of the year, ...
- 237: Karl Marx
- ... however they did not practice Judaism. In 1824 Karl's father adopted Protestantism. Marx attended the university of Bonn and later the university at Berlin, where he studied in law, while majoring in history and philosophy. After his education, Marx associated himself with the "Left Hegelians," along with Bruno Bauer, which were a group who formed atheistic and revolutionary ideas from Hegel's philosophy. The Young Hegelians practiced philosophical idealism. Here he first meet Arnold Ruge and Ludwig Feuerbach. In 1842 Marx and Bruno Bauer were asked to contribute to the Rheinische Zeitung, a German paper, in Cologne. At ... socialism, also known as communism. Also in 1844, Marx wrote a revolutionary book called the Holy Family. It is a materialist view of the history of man. Basically, it was a critique on his former philosophy group, "The Young Hegelians." It expressed the view of history being mans activities. " History' is not, as it were, a person apart, using man as a means to achieve its own aims; history is ...
- 238: The Social Status of the London Surgeon, 1350-1450
- ... so lewd taking upon him practise, is suffered to use it, to great harm and slaughter of many men. Where if no man practised therein, but only cunning men and proved sufficiently learned in Art, Philosophy, and Physick as it is kept in other lands and realms, then should any man that dieth for default of help live, and no man perish by uncunning.20 This petition demonstrates the urgent concern ... with a degree, or study medicine in a more limited fashion in England as a component of the Bachelor of Arts degree.23 At this time, medicine was subsumed under the larger rubric of practical philosophy, a philosophy which centered on ars and scientia or art and science.24 While medicine was considered a less virtuous pursuit, far below that of theology and law, universities still offered degrees that demonstrated the individual' ...
- 239: J.D. Salinger
- ... works. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation (Madsen 93). In Nine Stories one of the characters, Seymour Glass, is portrayed as Buddha in the sense that he wants to be liberated as Buddha was in his life (Madsen 93). Seymour Glass in Nine Stories has a certain philosophy about life, it is similar to the Eightfold Path used by Buddha when achieving nirvana (French in Matuz 212). Seymour Glass is on a quest to become free from all of the suffering in his ... seemed very dismal, until religion intervened and stopped the conflict. Salinger creates happiness for the characters by stopping the conflict. In "The Stranger" Salinger creates peace through a war by using more of the Zen philosophy. Salingers creates a "Pact of Peace" which stops the conflict between the Germans and Polish during WWII (Hamilton in Bryfonski and Senick 143) . The "Pact of Peace" was a teaching used by Buddha ...
- 240: Facism
- ... that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution. Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government the advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism. Celebrating the nation or the race as an organic community surpassing all other loyalties. This right- wing philosophy will even advocate violent action to maintain this loyalty which is held in such high regards. Fascism approaches politics in two central areas, populist and elitist. Populist in that it seeks to activate "the people ... most often one supreme leader called El Duce, from whom all power proceeds downward. The two most recognized names that go along with Fascism is Italy's Benito Mussolini and Germany's Adolf Hitler. The philosophy of Fascism can be traced to the philosophers who argue that the will is prior to and superior to the intellect or reason. George Sorel, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Georg Hegal are main philosophers who' ...
Search results 231 - 240 of 1770 matching essays
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