The essential dimensions of classical management were based on a closed system view of organisation; that is, essential dimensions emphasised on a mechanical structure of control. So the essential dimensions of classical management break down to a set of four rigid and formal guidelines:  Bureaucratic forms of control  Narrow supervisory span  Closely prescribed roles  Clear and formal definitions of procedures, which means areas of specialisation and hierarchical relationship. These essential dimensions of classical management promote formality, symmetry and rigidity. By maintaining these essential dimensions, the goal is that control and