The Middle Ages and the Renaissance The word "renaissance" refers to the time period in which, described by Jules Michelet, was "discovery of the world and of man." Literally, "renaissance" means "rebirth." The renaissance movement began in the 14th century Italy and spread to rest of Europe during the 16th and 17th century. During this time, many traditional ideas along with the feudal society changed as the Europeans began to learn about new things and expand their horizon. Before the renaissance movement was the Middle Ages. Italy of the Middle Ages faced much turmoil. After the Ostrogoths, the Lombards took control from the north of Italy to Tuscany and Umbria. A